What happens to the density of freshly mixed concrete during consolidation?

When freshly mixed concrete undergoes consolidation, the density increases due to the reduction of air voids in the mixture. During the mixing process, air bubbles are introduced, which can lead to a lower density. However, as the concrete is compacted—whether through mechanical vibration or other means—these air pockets are eliminated, allowing the solid particles to pack more closely together. This densification process enhances the overall mass per unit volume of the concrete, resulting in increased density. Therefore, an understanding of how consolidation affects concrete density is crucial for achieving optimal performance and strength in construction applications.